The (Missing) Role of Nuclear Energy in the Sustainable Development Goals

Zion Lights

doi:10.5281/zenodo.6632131

Autores/as

Zion Lights

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6632131

Palabras clave:

Climate action, nuclear energy, renewable energy, sustainable development, SDGs, SDG 7, SDG 13

Resumen

La ciencia y la tecnología nucleares se utilizan en muchos países para ayudar a cumplir los objetivos de desarrollo en áreas como la energía, la salud humana, la producción de alimentos, la gestión del agua y la protección del medio ambiente. Este documento se centrará en la energía y, concretamente, en cómo la energía nuclear encaja en el ODS 7 (Energía asequible y limpia) y se relaciona con el ODS 13 (Acción por el clima). Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) fueron adoptados por las Naciones Unidas en 2015 como un llamamiento universal a la acción para acabar con la pobreza, proteger el planeta y garantizar que todas las personas disfruten de paz y prosperidad para 2030. El Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 7, Energía asequible y limpia, pretende "Garantizar el acceso a una energía asequible, fiable, sostenible y moderna para todos", centrándose en los países en desarrollo. Este objetivo clasifica las tecnologías "renovables" como sostenibles, pero excluye la energía nuclear. El término "renovable" suele incluir el biocombustible insostenible y con alto contenido de carbono. Desde el punto de vista político, es un término problemático. Según múltiples organismos científicos, la energía nuclear es limpia, fiable y es necesaria para la transición desde los combustibles fósiles para combatir el cambio climático. Ningún país del mundo ha sido capaz de descarbonizar su sector eléctrico sin disponer de energía nuclear o -cuando energía nuclear o, cuando está disponible, una cantidad considerable de energía hidroeléctrica o geotérmica como parte de la combinación energética. El ODS 13, Acción por el Clima, se centra en la reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y en la adaptación al cambio climático. Este objetivo no menciona la energía nuclear. Una importante investigación ha demostrado que, en ausencia de recursos hidroeléctricos o geotérmicos adecuados, los objetivos de descarbonización no se alcanzan sin la energía nuclear. Estas cuestiones se debatirán en este documento.

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