Plantas Medicinales: De Falacia Sanitaria a Medicamento del Futuro

Martín Diaz

doi:10.5281/zenodo.7117259

Autores/as

Martín Diaz European Institute for Multidisciplinary Studies on Human Rights and Science - Knowmad Institut https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5162-4786

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7117259

Palabras clave:

Psicodélicos, Salud Mental, Derechos Humanos, ODS, ODS 4, ODS 3, ODS 5, ODS 10, ODS 11, ODS 16

Resumen

Este aporte se trata de una somera revisión de la prohibición de sustancias psicoactivas,
principalmente de las plantas medicinales a nivel internacional, encontrando que la
occidentalización del conocimiento presenta uno de los obstáculos a la hora de aplicar saberes
ancestrales sobre medicamentos herbarios.
Como adicional, echa una mirada sobre las intersecciones entre la cuarta revolución industrial, el uso
de psicodélicos y la salud mental.

Citas

➔ Bewley-Taylor, D., & Jelsma, M. (2011). Cincuenta años de la Convención Única de 1961 sobre Estupefacientes: una relectura crítica. In TNI | Serie reforma legislativa en materia de drogas No. 12. TNI. https://www.tni.org/files/download/dlr12s.pdf

➔ Brand, E. J., & Zhao, Z. (2017). Cannabis in Chinese Medicine: Are Some Traditional Indications Referenced in Ancient Literature Related to Cannabinoids? Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00108

➔ Brown, T. K., & Alper, K. (2017). Treatment of opioid use disorder with ibogaine: detoxification and drug use outcomes. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 44(1), 24–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2017.1320802

➔ Cameron, L. P., Nazarian, A., & Olson, D. E. (2020). Psychedelic Microdosing: Prevalence and Subjective Effects. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2020.1718250

➔ Castro Blanco, E., & Mora González, J. C. (2014). El uso de la hoja de coca como manifestación cultural inmaterial. Criterio Jurídico Garantista, 6(11). https://doi.org/10.26564/21453381.441

➔ Díaz Velásquez, M. I. (2015, December 3). La historia que Bergoglio no cambiará. Espiritualidad y sustancias psicoactivas. - Revista Factum. Revista Factum. https://www.revistafactum.com/8262-2/

➔ Díaz Velásquez, M. I. (2017). Spirituality & psychoactive substances: A perspective from the 21st century [In-Person]. Psychedelic Science 2017. IEPES. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333784170_Spirituality_psychoactive_substance s_A_perspective_from_the_21st_century?channel=doi&linkId=5d03c8a2458515b055d0a1d0& showFulltext=true

➔ Díaz Velásquez, M. I., Kreher, D., & Kleim, M. (2017). Berliner Aufruf – / für eine menschliche Drogenpolitik. Berlindokument.Org. https://berlindokument.org/

➔ Espin, O. (2018). Plantas Sagradas y Salud Mental en Latinoamérica – Knowmad institut. Knowmadinstitut.Org; European Institute for Multidisciplinary Studies on Human Rights and Sciences - Knowmad Institut. https://knowmadinstitut.org/es/2019/03/plantas-sagradas-y-salud-mental-en-latinoameri ca/

➔ Gasser, P., Holstein, D., Michel, Y., Doblin, R., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Passie, T., & Brenneisen, R. (2014). Safety and Efficacy of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anxiety Associated With Life-threatening Diseases. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 202(7), 513–520. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0000000000000113

➔ Houot, A. M. (2019). Toward a Philosophy of Psychedelic Technology: An Exploration of Fear, Otherness, and Control (pp. 36–51). https://essay.utwente.nl/77339/1/THESIS_Houot_MA_BMS.pdf

➔ International Opium Convention Geneva / Protocol Geneva, Chapter VI. Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1925). https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1925/02/19250219%2006-36%20AM/Ch_VI_6_6a_6bp.p df

➔ Knowmad Institut. (2019, December 15). #RethinkProcess. Knowmad Institut; European Institute for Multidisciplinary Studies on Human Rights & Sciences. https://knowmadinstitut.org/rethink/

➔ Krebs, Teri S., & Johansen, P.-Ø. (2013). Psychedelics and Mental Health: A Population Study. PLoS ONE, 8(8), e63972. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063972

➔ Krebs, Teri Suzanne. (2015). Protecting the human rights of people who use psychedelics. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(4), 294–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(15)00084-x

➔ Labrousse, A. (2013). Geopolítica de las Drogas. ESD. Estudios de Seguridad y Defensa, No 1, 193–197. ESD. http://esd.anepe.cl/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/res2.pdf

➔ Lea, T., Amada, N., Jungaberle, H., Schecke, H., & Klein, M. (2020). Microdosing psychedelics: Motivations, subjective effects and harm reduction. International Journal of Drug Policy, 75(102600). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.11.008

➔ Luoma, J. B., Davis, A. K., Watts, R., & McCracken, L. M. (2020). Integrating contextual behavioral science with research on psychedelic assisted therapy: Introduction to the special section. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 207–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.004

➔ MAPS. (2019). MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy - MAPS. MAPS. https://maps.org/research/mdma ➔Martín-Baró, I. (1972). Del alcohol a la marihuana. Estudios Centroamericanos, ECA, 27(No. 283), 226–242. UCA.edu.sv. http://www.uca.edu.sv/coleccion-digital-IMB/articulo/del-alcohol-a-la-marihuana/ ➔Roberts, T. (1997). Academic and religious freedom in the study of the mind. In R. Forte (Ed.), Entheogens and the future of religion (p. Chapter 11). Council on Spiritual Practices.

➔ Roca, A. J. (2008). HISTORIA DE LOS MEDICAMENTOS (2nd ed., pp. 67–133). Academia Nacional de Medicina. http://www.med-informatica.com/OBSERVAMED/PAT/HistoriaMedicamentosAJacomeR_LIB RO-HX_MedicamentosANMdecolombia.pdf (Original work published 2003) ➔Sánchez, C., & Bouso, J. C. (2015). Ayahuasca: de la Amazonía a la aldea global. In INFORME SOBRE POLÍTICAS DE DROGAS | 43. TNI - ICEERS. https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/dpb_43_spanish_web_19122015.pdf

➔ Scuro, J., & Apud, I. (2015). Aportes para un debate sobre la regulación de la ayahuasca en el Uruguay. Antropología Social y Cultural Del Uruguay, 13(1510–3846), 35–49. scielo.edu.uy. http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?pid=S1510-38462015000100003&script=sci_arttext&tl ng=en

➔ Hague International Opium Convention, Chapter VI. Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (1912). https://treaties.un.org/doc/Treaties/1922/01/19220123%2006-31%20AM/Ch_VI_2p.pdf ➔TUPPER, K. W. (2009). Ayahuasca healing beyond the Amazon: the globalization of a traditional indigenous entheogenic practice. Global Networks, 9(1), 117–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2009.00245.x

➔ SINGLE CONVENTION ON NARCOTIC DRUGS, As amended by the 1972 Protocol amending the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961 (1961). https://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1961_en.pdf

➔ Convention on Psychotropic Substances, The United Nations Conference for the Adoption of a Protocol on Psychotropic Substances met in Vienna from 1 1 January to 21 February 1971 (1971). https://www.unodc.org/pdf/convention_1971_en.pdf

➔ Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 19 April 2016, A/RES/S-30/1 Undocs.org (2016). https://undocs.org/A/RES/S-30/1

➔ UNODC. (1973). UNODC - Bulletin on Narcotics - 1973 Issue 3 - 002 - page 11 to 25 (I. BAYER (ed.)). Unodc.Org. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1973-01-01_3_page0 03.html

➔ UNODC. (2009). The 1912 Hague International Opium Convention ( timothy larose (ed.)). Unodc.Org. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/frontpage/the-1912-hague-international-opium-conventi on.html

➔ UNODC. (2012). 1912 International Opium Convention ( sonya yee (ed.)). Unodc.Org. https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/speeches/2012/1912-international-opium-convention.ht ml

➔ Valero Uría, R. (2019). Acceso al Cannabis para fines medicinales en América del Sur : una nueva mirada a las convenciones internacionales de control de drogas (M. Souto Zabaleta (ed.)). FLACSO.; FLACSO Sede Académica Argentina, Buenos Aires. http://200.41.82.22/bitstream/10469/15487/2/TFLACSO-2018RVU.pdf

➔ Verde Rodarte, C. (2016). Retroalimentación y sincronía en procesos. In revistaciencia.amc.edu.mx (pp. 26–35). Academia Mexicana de Ciencias. https://www.revistaciencia.amc.edu.mx/images/revista/67_1/PDF/Retroalimentacion.pdf

➔ Walsh, C. (2016). Psychedelics and cognitive liberty: Reimagining drug policy through the prism of human rights. International Journal of Drug Policy, 29, 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.12.025

➔ WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence. (2018). World Health Organization | fortieth report; (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 1013). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/279948/9789241210225-eng.pdf?ua=1